At Volkswagen, these specific washers are housed under a number called "N", where the "N" stands for Normteile or standard parts.
Despite its name, this is not a standard part but a washer of a different hardness and size which is not available at ordinary hardware stores and certainly cannot be replaced by a washer of a different hardness.
These washers were mainly used for mounting the cylinder head, but also for other purposes. Below is a list by engine type where these rings are used and how many parts are needed in total.
Type 1 engines
Cylinder head mounting:
1200 cc from 1978 (engine code D 1 431 279 ) 16 pieces
1600 cc from 1.1973 16 pieces
CT/CZ engines:
Cylinder head mounting 16 pieces
Engine to body attachment: 4 pieces
WBX engines :
Engine to body mounting: 4 pieces
Diesel engines:
Injection pump support assembly (engine codes CS and KY): 1 piece
Engine mount to body until 7.1982: 8 pieces
Engine mount to body from 8.1982: 2 pieces
Gearbox support rubber :
Vanagon : 4 pieces
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